{"id":5263,"date":"2026-08-31T18:31:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T18:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/telecomexplained.com\/blogs\/?p=5263"},"modified":"2026-08-31T18:31:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T18:31:19","slug":"what-is-stir-shaken","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/telecomexplained.com\/blogs\/what-is-stir-shaken\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is STIR\/SHAKEN? How US Carriers Verify Caller ID"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you&#8217;ve noticed calls labeled &#8220;Scam Likely&#8221; or seen a checkmark next to a caller&#8217;s name, you&#8217;ve encountered the results of STIR\/SHAKEN \u2014 a framework US carriers use to verify whether a caller&#8217;s displayed number is legitimate or likely spoofed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What STIR\/SHAKEN Actually Stands For<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">STIR\/SHAKEN combines two technical standards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>STIR (Secure Telephone Identity Revisited)<\/strong> \u2014 the underlying technical protocol for verifying caller identity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SHAKEN (Signature-based Handling of Asserted information using toKENs)<\/strong> \u2014 the framework that implements STIR across carrier networks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together, they let carriers cryptographically sign and verify that a call&#8217;s displayed caller ID actually originates from the number it claims to be from.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why This Framework Exists<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caller ID spoofing \u2014 displaying a fake or manipulated number to disguise the real origin of a call \u2014 has long been used to facilitate robocalls and phone-based scams. Because spoofing was historically easy and inexpensive to do at scale, US regulators pushed for a technical solution that carriers could implement across the network, rather than relying solely on consumer-side call-blocking apps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/call-authentication\">FCC has mandated STIR\/SHAKEN implementation<\/a> for major US voice service providers, making it a regulatory requirement rather than an optional carrier feature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How STIR\/SHAKEN Works, Simplified<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A call originates<\/strong> from a phone number through a carrier&#8217;s network<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The originating carrier attaches a digital &#8220;attestation&#8221;<\/strong> \u2014 essentially a cryptographic signature indicating how confident it is that the caller is authorized to use that number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>This signed information travels with the call<\/strong> as it passes to the terminating carrier (the one delivering the call to the recipient)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The receiving carrier verifies the signature<\/strong> and can use this information to label the call (e.g., flagging it as potentially spoofed) or factor it into robocall-blocking systems<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Three Attestation Levels<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">STIR\/SHAKEN uses three levels of confidence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Full Attestation (A)<\/strong> \u2014 the carrier has verified the caller is authorized to use that specific number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Partial Attestation (B)<\/strong> \u2014 the carrier knows the caller but can&#8217;t fully verify their right to use that specific number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gateway Attestation (C)<\/strong> \u2014 the call entered the carrier&#8217;s network from an untrusted source, and origin can&#8217;t be verified<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lower attestation levels are one factor (among several) that call-blocking and labeling systems use to flag potentially suspicious calls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What This Means for Everyday Calls<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It doesn&#8217;t eliminate spam calls entirely.<\/strong> STIR\/SHAKEN verifies caller ID authenticity, but it doesn&#8217;t evaluate call <em>intent<\/em> \u2014 a fully authenticated number can still be used to make an unwanted telemarketing or scam call, since attestation confirms identity, not legitimacy of purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>International calls face limitations.<\/strong> STIR\/SHAKEN is primarily a US-focused framework, and its effectiveness decreases for international calls routed through carriers outside this system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It&#8217;s a network-level protection, not something users configure.<\/strong> Unlike call-blocking apps, STIR\/SHAKEN operates at the carrier infrastructure level, so there&#8217;s no consumer setting to enable or disable it directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does STIR\/SHAKEN stop all robocalls?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> No \u2014 it verifies whether a caller ID is authentic, but it doesn&#8217;t judge whether a call&#8217;s purpose is legitimate. A verified, authenticated number can still be used for unwanted calls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is STIR\/SHAKEN used outside the United States?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Some countries have developed similar caller authentication frameworks, but STIR\/SHAKEN specifically is a US-focused standard mandated by the FCC, and its direct interoperability with international systems is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why do some calls still show as &#8220;Scam Likely&#8221; if STIR\/SHAKEN is implemented?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Carriers combine attestation data with other signals (calling patterns, complaint data, and more) to generate these labels \u2014 a low attestation level is one input among several, not the sole factor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do I need to do anything to benefit from STIR\/SHAKEN?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> No \u2014 implementation happens at the carrier network level, so consumers don&#8217;t need to enable any settings to benefit from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does STIR\/SHAKEN affect text messages too?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> No, STIR\/SHAKEN specifically addresses voice call authentication. SMS messaging has separate industry frameworks (like A2P 10DLC registration) addressing spam and fraud prevention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you&#8217;ve noticed calls labeled &#8220;Scam Likely&#8221; or seen a checkmark next to a caller&#8217;s name, you&#8217;ve encountered the results [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[186],"tags":[227,228,229,226,230],"class_list":["post-5263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-regulations","tag-caller-id-spoofing","tag-fcc-regulations","tag-robocalls","tag-stir-shaken","tag-telecom-industry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is STIR\/SHAKEN? 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